Inheritance Patterns

Ingeritance of diseases can be passed in three major ways:

1.) Autosomal Dominant

2.) Autosomal Recessive

3.) Sex-Linked

Autosomal Dominant Inheritence Pattern

     Autosomal dominant is one of the ways that traits and or disorders can be passed down through generations in families. When a disease is autosomal dominant it means that the abnormal gene can be passed from only one parent for you to be able to inherit the disease. Usually, only one of the parents has the disease. A single abnormal gene on one of the first 22 non-sex chromosomes from either parent can cause an autosomal disorder. Dominant inheritance means that one parent is able of causing the disease, even if the matching gene from the other parent is normal. The abnormal gene dominates the pair causing the gene to be apparent. There is only a 50% chance of inheriting the disorder if only one parent has a dominant gene defect. This type of disease is dominant in each generation, meaning each generation possesses the disorder and it becomes likely that they too will pass it on to their children. Autosomal Dominant diseases occur in both sexes.
Examples
-Huntington's Disease
-Neurofibromatosis Type 1
-Marfan Syndrome
-Heredity Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer
-Hereditary Multiple Exostoses
-Otosclerosis
-MODY Diabetes

Autosomal Recessive Inheritance Pattern
     Autosomal Recessive is another way in which disorders may be passed through generations in a family. However in recessive cases the disease or disorder tends to skip generations. Therefor many of the female attributes could possibly be carriers of the disease. Autosomal Recessive diseases occur when two copies of an abnormal disease occur. If both parents are heterozygous, their child has a 25% chance of obtaining the disease. In most cases it is rare that the child gets both of these genes. The risk of getting an autosomal recessive disease isn't a high risk unless a child is reproduced within a single family.
Examples:
-Alport syndrome,
-Canavan disease
-Congenital neutropenia
-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
-Ellis-van Creveld syndrome
-Familial Mediterranean fever
-Fanconi anemia,
-Gaucher disease
-Mucopolysaccharidosis
-Osteogenesis imperfecta
-Cystic Fibrosis

Sex linked inherrited patterns are also know as X-Linked patterns.
     In the diagram up above it is most likely that the diseased gene was passed from the grandpa to the mother and then from their to the mother's son.
Sex Linked
     In the picture up above it is apparent that the pattern is X linked. The chromosomes of a male are XY whereas a female is XX, this leads to the fact that males have the ability to inherit a disease from their mothers. Most females do not inherit an X linked disease, it is most likely for a male to obtain the disease instead. The disease occupies the X chromosome and in all cases the mother provides their son with an X chromosome therefor giving their son the disease as for the fact that they only have X chromosomes to give.
Examples:
-Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

-Duchene Muscular Dystrophy
-Hunter’s Disease
-Menkes Disease
-Hemophilia A and B
-Fabry’s Disease
-Color Blindness
-Complete Androgen Insensitivity
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